U-978 - 1st War Patrol

Translation by Jerry Mason with help from Andi Forster

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Ships Attacked
Date	KTB Time	Position	Ship	Tons	Nationality	Convoy
23 Nov 44	15.13 - 16.06	49°47'N, 1°13'W	WILLIAM D. BURNHAM	7,176	American	TMC-44
			Total = 7,176
Note:  The positions in the table above and in the Google Earth patrol summary are derived from the KTB and in many cases do not match those set forth in authoritative references such as Jürgen Rohwer, Axis Submarine Successes of World War Two or the Uboat.net website.  The goal here is to present the picture relative to the U-boat and not the absolute position that the ship was attacked or sank.

				Copy-No.
			K  r  i  e  g  s  t  a  g  e  b  u  c  h
				"U 978"
				Commander:  Oberleutnant z.S.  P  u  l  s  t
				From departure from Kiel to departure from Bergen on 1st war patrol
				Beginning on:  22.08.1944
				Ending     on:  09.10.1944
			Distribution:   Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine Copy No. 1 Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine Copy No. 2 Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine 2 Sk1. B.d.U. Op - Copy No. 3 Kommandier Admiral der Unterseeboote Copy No. 4 Führer der Unterseeboote  W  e  s  t Copy No. 5 Führer der Unterseeboote   Ausbildung Copy No. 6 Kommando der 27. Unterseebootsflottille Copy No. 7 Kommando der 11. Unterseebootsflottille Copy No. 8
				© U-boat Archive 2023 - all rights reserved

Click the flag to view the above page from the original German KTB

	- 1 -
		22.08.44	Kiel U-boat base	Departed on first war patrol in accordance with outbound orders 5. U-Flottille Secret 2417 on 21.08.44
				Under escort for Horten.
		24.08.44	Horten, Naval Harbor	Made fast at the local Agru-Front.
		24.08.44	Horten	Begin snorkel training with the local Agru-Front.
				Illness of the Commander at the Oslo military hospital.
		25.08.44 -	Horten	Shore training at the local Agru-Front.
		29.08.44
		29.08.44	Horten	Commander is released from the military hospital.
		29.08.44	Horten	Continuation of snorkel training.
		03.09.44	Horten	Snorkel training completed.
		04.09.44	Horten	The boat chopped to F.d.U. Central as stand-by boat at Flekkefjord (in accordance with Fs Marine Oberkommando East Führer Op Secret 0565 F I)
		05.09.44	Horten	Under escort for Kristiansand South.
		06.09.44	Kristiansand South	Awaiting escort for Flekkefjord.
		07.09.44	Kristiansand South	Departed under escort for Flekkefjord.
		07.09.44	Flekkefjord	Began deployment as stand-by boat in southern Norway.  Replacing "U-310" (Ley).  Boat chopped to 11. U-Flottille.
		08.09.44 -
		12.09.44	Flekkefjord	Boat remains on stand-by, in accordance with deployment order of F.d.U. Central.
		13.09.44	Flekkefjord	Departed in accordance with 11. U-Flottille Secret 2549 Ia/44 proceeding under escort for Egersund.
		13.09.44 -
		03.10.44	Egersund	Boat remains on stand-by in accordance with deployment orders of F.d.U. Central.
		03.10.44	Egersund	By Radio Message F.d.U. West order 2341/2/45 directs the boat to proceed to Bergen.
		03.10.44 -
		07.10.44	Egersund	Awaiting escort.
		07.10.44	Egersund	Departed under escort for Bergen via Stavanger.
		08.10.44	Bergen U-boat base.	Arrived.
		09.10.44	Bergen	The boat rearms for an 11-week war patrol.
		09.10.44	Bergen	Departed Bergen on first war patrol.
				On board, 09.10.1944
				Oberleutnant z.S. and Commander

	- 1 -
			of 09.12.44
		Distribution: 1. copy for B.d.U. for O.K.M. 2. copy for B.d.U. for O.K.M. 3. copy for for B.d.U. 4 copy for Kom.A.d.U. 5 copy for F.d.U. - West 6 copy for F.d.U. - Ausbildung 7 copy for 27. U-Flottille 8 copy for 11. U-Flottille		K  r  i  e  g  s  t  a  g  e  b  u  c  h                    U  978   1st War Patrol from 9 October - 16 December 1944 C  o  m  m  a  n  d  e  r  : O  b  e  r  l  e  u  t  n  a  n  t     z.    S  e  e G  ü  n  t  h  e  r    P  u  l  s  t Assigned Flotilla:  11.  U-Flottille
		Enclosures:  (to the 2nd copy) a)  Track chart of the boat b)  Encounters with the enemy on patrol and important Radio Messages.

	- 2 -
				The boat departed Kiel for the first war patrol on 22.08.44 in accordance with outbound orders 5. U-Flottille Secret 2417 of 21.08.44.  After snorkel training in "Horten" the boat chopped to F.d.U. Central per FS Marine Oberkommando East Führer Operations Secret 0565/FI as a stand-by boat.  By Radio Message F.d.U. West 2341/2/45 of 3 October the boat left F.d.U. Central formation.  On 9 October supply and outfitting for 11-weeks in Bergen by the 11. U-Flottilla.
		09.10.44	Bergen
		17.45		Departed on first war patrol in accordance with outbound orders F.d.U. West 00825 F II Operations Order Nr. 56 in effect.  Operations Order Channel No. II on board.
		18.25 -	Bergen, Byfjord	Trim test.
		18.50
		19.55	Bergen, Byfjord	Taken under escort.
		22.00	Hellisøy	Released by escort.
			SSW 3, Sea 2-3, swells, clear horizon, Vis. 10 nm
		22.30		Dived.
				Boat proceeding in accordance with outbound orders to naval square AM 18 via AM 32 with day's run of 60 nm.
		10.10.44	AN 2412
		04.00	AN 2411
		08.00	AF 8788
		12.00	AF 8784	Day's run:  41.0 nm
				29.8 nm
				70.8 nm.
		16.00	AF 8776
		20.00	AF 8772
		20.40	S 4, Sea 2, overcast, Vis. 8 nm	Begin snorkeling.
		11.10.44
		00.00	AF 7969
		04.00	AF 7964
		05.00		End snorkeling.
		08.00	AF 7953

	Sun and Moon Data 09.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 10.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 11.10.44

	- 3 -
		11.10.44	Northern North Sea
		12.00	AF 7928	Day's run:    66.3 nm.
		16.00	AF 7927
		20.00	AF 7916
		20.15	SE 3, Sea 2-3, overcast, Vis. 10 nm	Begin snorkeling.
		12.10.44
		00.00	AF 7916
		04.00	AF 7912
		05.00		End snorkeling.
		08.00	AF 7911
		12.00	AF 7832	Day's run:    79.2 nm.
		16.00	AF 7823
		20.00	AF 7823
		21.00	S 3, Sea 2-3, overcast, Vis. medium	Begin snorkeling.
		22.35	AF 7821	Borkum detection, 3 seconds strength 2-3, only heard once.
				Continued snorkeling.
		13.10.44
		00.00	AF 7821
		03.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	AF 7811
		08.00	AF 7811
		09.26		Radio Message 2341/12/79:
				"Pulst" and "Voigt" on 13 October at 08.00 hours switch "Diana" radio circuit".        F.d.U. West
		09.30		Switched to "Diana" radio circuit.
		11.39	AF 7733	Sound bearing 115°T, moving slowly astern.  Asdic noises, no propellers.
		11.40		Silent speed.
		12.00	AF 7733	Day's run:    54.5 nm.
			Suppose a self propelled noise buoy, because nothing is seen in the periscope and no propeller sounds were heard.  S-gear impulses irregularly, strength 0-4
		13.00		Silent speed ended.

	Sun and Moon Data 11.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 12.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 13.10.44

	- 4 -
		13.10.44	Between the Faroe and the Shetland Islands
		16.00	AF 7733
		20.00	AF 7735
		21.00		Begin snorkeling.
		22.28	AF 7735	Surfaced.
			SSW 3, Sea 2, cloudy, Vis. 10 nm	Due to blockage tube VI leaks heavily during the ejection of waste.  The outer door does not close completely.
				Malfunction is fixed on the surface.
		22.44	AF 7735	Dived.
				Continued snorkeling.
				Correction after a navigation fix:  151°, 11 nm.
		14.10.44
		00.00	AF 7764
		02.30		End snorkeling.
		04.00	AF 7756
		08.00	AF 7759
		12.00	AF 7758	Day's run:  03.0 nm
				50.0 nm
				53.5 nm.
		16.00	AF 7781
		20.00	AF 7784
		21.00	SW 2, Sea 1, partial overcast, Vis. medium	Begin snorkeling.
		15.10.44
		00.00	AN 1123
		02.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	AN 1124
		08.00	AN 1119
		12.00	AN 1141	Day's run:    59.2 nm.
		16.00	AM 3266
		20.00	AM 3265
		20.45	SW 2, Sea 2, slight swell, overcast, Vis. 5 nm	Begin snorkeling.

	Sun and Moon Data 13.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 14.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 15.10.44

	- 5 -
		15.10.44	Between the Faroe and Shetland Islands
		22.24		Radio Message 1505/15/844
				New objectives:
				1)  "Hein" square green Jota Sophie 85, situation follows.
				2)  "Raabe", "Mangels", "Pulst", "Voigt" square green Fritz Xant 08.
		16.10.44
		00.00	AM 3283
		01.54	AM 3281	End snorkeling.
			SSW 3, Sea 2, light overcast,	Surfaced for navigation fix.
		02.15	AM 3281	Dived.
		03.00		Correction after a navigation fix:  330°, 8 nm.
		04.00		Propeller sounds bearing 210°T, quickly growing louder, moving astern.
				Silent speed.
		04.20		Silent speed ended.
		08.00	AM 3275
		12.00	AM 3274	Day's run:  02.0 nm
				61.5 nm
				63.5 nm.
		16.00	AM 3199
		20.00	AM 3333
		20.20		Begin snorkeling.
		20.25		Parachute flares bearing 30° - 40°, range 10-15 nm.  Depth charge series (4-5).
		17.10.44	NW of the Shetland Islands
		00.00	AM 3326
		03.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	AM 3319
		08.00	AM 3342
		12.00	AM 3341	Day's run:    65.0 nm.
		13.00		10-15 depth charge series of 5 bearing 30°T.
		16.00	AM 2466
		20.00	AM 2466

	Sun and Moon Data 15.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 16.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 17.10.44

	- 6 -
		17.10.44	NW of Scotland
		20.15	SW 3, Sea 2, clear horizon, Vis. good	Begin snorkeling.
		18.10.44
		00.00	AM 2488
		03.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	AM 2475	Passing over "Rosemary-Bank".
		08.00	AM 2477
		12.00	AM 2533	Day's run:    64.0 nm.
		16.00	AM 2535
		20.15	SW 3-4, Sea 3, overcast, misty	Begin snorkeling.
		21.40	AM 2550	Propeller sounds bearing 135°T, moving ahead, growing louder, strength 4-5.
				Snorkeling broken off, stayed at 20 meters, nothing seen in the periscope.
		23.45		Sounds no longer heard.  Continued snorkeling.
		19.10.44
		00.00	AM 2552
		04.00	AM 2572
		08.00	AM 2574
		12.00	AM 1699	Day's run:    72.0 nm.
		16.00	AM 1832
		20.00	AM 1834
		20.15	SSW 2-3, Sea 2, partial overcast, Vis. medium	Begin snorkeling.
		19.10.44	NW of Ireland, Rockall-Bank
		20.48		Radio Message 2014/19/888
				"Raabe", "Pulst", "Voigt"
				Report in accordance with Operations Order Channel No. II, Serial No. 36, send passing the latitude of green Gustav Otto 13.
		20.10.44
		00.00	AM 1852
		03.00		End snorkeling.

	Sun and Moon Data 17.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 18.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 19.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 20.10.44

	- 7 -
		20.10.44	NW of Ireland, Rockall-Bank
		08.00	AM 1872
		11.44	AM 1875	Fast propeller sounds and S-gear strength 4-5 bearing 115°T.
		12.00	AM 1875	Silent speed.             Day's run:    72.4 nm.
				At periscope depth a mast is made out on the horizon.  Range 6-8 nm.  Diesel which stopped at irregular intervals.  Periscope observations covering the sound bearings.  Shifted ahead, vanishing bearing 240°T.  Was not detected.
		14.00		Silent speed ended.
		16.00	AM 0112
		20.00	AM 0115
		20.15	SSW 3, Sea 2-3, completely overcast, Vis. bad	Begin snorkeling.
		21.10.44
		00.00	AM 0145
		03.32	AM 0147	End snorkeling.  Surfaced for navigation fix.
		04.00	AM 1792	Dived.
			SW 3, Sea 2-3, overcast, Vis. medium	Correction after a navigation fix:  345°, 67 nm.
				Depth finder out of service.
		08.00	AM 1932
		12.00	AM 1931	Day's run:  03.0 nm
				74.0 nm
				77.0 nm.
		16.00	AM 1935
		20.00	AM 1938
		20.15		Begin snorkeling.
		22.10.44
		00.00	AM 1968
		04.00	AM 4212
		06.00		End snorkeling.
		08.00	AM 4218
		12.00	AM 4242	Day's run:    73.0 nm.
		16.00	AM 4245

	Sun and Moon Data 20.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 21.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 22.10.44

	- 8 -
		22.10.44	South of Rockall-Bank
		20.00	AM 4244
		2115	W 3, Sea 2, completely overcast, Vis. bad	Begin snorkeling.
		23.10.44
		00.00	AM 4275
		04.00	AM 4515
		06.00		End snorkeling.
		06.02		Radio Message 1602/22/838
				"Raabe", "Pulst", "Voigt".
				Förster reports strong defense, but outstanding possibilities for success in naval squares 3160 to 3650 of the large square east of square green Xant Ysop.  Defense has decreased after departure of the boats from this sea area; however, traffic density has remained the same.  Great possibilities for success.  Consider this report and be mindful of Serial No. 888 of 19 October.
		08.00	AM 4542
		12.00	AM 4545	Day's run:    60.0 nm.
		16.00	AM 4548
		20.00	AM 4572	Begin snorkeling.
			W 3, Sea 2-3, overcast, Vis. bad
		24.10.44
		00.00	AM 4815
		04.00	AM 4845
		04.30	AM 4845	End snorkeling.
			NW 2, Sea 2, lightly overcast, Vis. good	Surfaced for navigation fix.
		04.45	AM 4815	Dived.
				Navigation update not evaluated.
		08.00	AM 4872
		12.00	AM 4875	Day's run:  02.5 nm
				69.5 nm
				72.0 nm.
		16.00	AM 4875

	Sun and Moon Data 26.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 27.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 28.10.44

	- 9 -
		24.10.44	South of Rockall-Bank
		20.00	AM 7215
		20.15		Begin snorkeling.
		25.10.44	West of Ireland, Porcupine-Bank
		00.00	AM 7242
		01.20	W 3, Sea 2-3, rain, Vis. bad	Surfaced.
				Snorkel makes water heavily.  Rubber gasket of the seal on the the folding flange is missing.
		01.40		Dived.
				Continued snorkeling.; however, the water intake is too heavy. Snorkeling without the gasket is impossible.
		04.00	AM 7275
		06.00		End snorkeling.
		08.00	AM 7512
		12.00	AM 7515	Day's run:  02.0 nm
				71.0 nm
				73.0 nm.
				After drying for several days with a blower the depth sounder is again in service.
		16.00	AM 7541
		20.00	AM 7545	Begin snorkeling.
			Waiting for favorable sky conditions to surface for stellar navigation fix.
		21.55	AM 7570	Surfaced to install new gasket of sealed hemp.
			W 3, Sea 2-3, lightly overcast, Vis. 10 nm	Navigation fix taken.
		22.15		Dived.
				Continued snorkeling.
				Gasket holds, snorkel is again in service.
				Correction after navigation fix:  83°, 112 nm.
		26.10.44
		00.00	AM 8448
		00.40	AM 8448	Surfaced to check gasket on snorkel.  Gasket is operable. At the same time check navigation.

	Sun and Moon Data 24.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 25.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 26.10.44

	- 10 -
		26.10.44	West of Ireland, Porcupine-Bank
		01.15	AM 8448	Dived.
				Continued snorkeling.
		03.42	AM 7696	Surfaced to send Radio Message in accordance with Radio Message 2014/19/888.
				Radio Message 0306/26
				Am ready for action.
				"Pulst".
				On different frequency Near and Far Service Norddeich.
		03.54		Dived.
				Continued snorkeling.
		04.00	AM 7696
		05.48		Radio Message 0459/26/881
				Norddeich from 0349 on 54 meter radio message from "Pulst":  Am ready for action.
		06.00		End snorkeling.
		08.00	AM 7933
		12.00	AM 7936	Day's run:  08.4 nm
				74.4 nm
				82.8 nm.
		16.00	AM 7939
		20.00	AM 7963
		20.15	SW 3, Sea 2, overcast, Vis. 8 nm	Begin snorkeling.
		22.25		Radio Message 1558/26/885
				"Pulst" make for disguised square 7330 in the large square east of Green Wilhelm Ida.  More to follow.
				With that Channel Order II is in effect.
		27.10.44
		00.00	AM 7996
		01.55		Detection on Borkum.  2 times for 1 second (searching) strength 1-2, not seen again.
				Continued snorkeling.
		04.00	BE 3336
		06.00		End snorkeling.

	Sun and Moon Data 26.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 27.10.44

	- 11 -
		27.10.44	SW Ireland
		08.00	BE 3366
		12.00	BE 3369	Day's run:    73.0 nm.
		16.00	BE 3393	From 08.00 - 17.00 bearing 50° - 100° continuous depth charges.
		20.00	BE 3396
		20.15	SW 3, Sea 2, partial overcast, Vis. medium	Begin snorkeling.
		28.10.44
		00.00	BE 3636
		04.00	BE 3666	Boat comes to 90° making for square BF 3530 in accordance with Radio Message 1558/26/885.
		06.00		End snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 1445
		12.00	BF 1446	Day's run:    69.0 nm.
		16.00	BF 1454
		18.00		Passed to the east of the 200-meter line.
		20.00	BF 1455
		20.15	W 4, Sea 3, misty, Vis. bad	Begin snorkeling.
		29.10.44
		00.00	BF 1464
		04.00	BF 1545
		05.51		Detection on Borkum (searching) 3 times 1 second with bright tone, strength 3.
				End snorkeling.
		06.25		Propellers bearing 145°T, strength 4.
				Silent speed.
				Was overrun.  Remained at 60 meters.
				Sounds disappeared bearing 235°T.
			Suppose that the same vessel detected on Borkum was later heard.
		07.00		Silent speed ended.
		08.00	BF 1547

	Sun and Moon Data 27.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 28.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 29.10.44

	- 12 -
		29.10.44	South of Ireland, Great Sole Bank
		12.00	BF 1554	Day's run:    61.0 nm.
		16.00	BF 1555	From 06.00 - 20.00 hours bearing 10° - 100° depth charge series about hourly.
		20.00	BF 1564
		21.15	NW 4-5, Sea 4, overcast, Vis. medium	Begin snorkeling.
		30.10.44
		00.00	BF 1566
		01.25		End snorkeling due to continual sound bearings.
			02.15	Propeller bearing 350°T, strength 3-4.
				Silent speed.
				Sound grew louder, moved further ahead and disappeaed bearing 140°T.
		03.15		Silent speed ended.
		04.00	BF 1644
		05.35		Begin snorkeling.
		07.00		End snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 1646
		12.00	BF 1654	Day's run:    57.0 nm.
		16.00	BF 1655
		20.00	BF 1664
		21.15		Begin snorkeling.
		31.10.44
		00.00	BF 1666
		02.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	BF 2445
		06.20		Begin snorkeling.
		06.30		Heavy water intake through the snorkel mast.
				Continuation of snorkeling impossible.
				Boat cuts under constantly, snorkeling is too difficult,

	Sun and Moon Data 29.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 30.10.44
	Sun and Moon Data 31.10.44

	- 13 -
		31.10.44	Western entrance to the Channel, south of Scilly
				because bilge pumps can not keep up.
		07.25		Boat lies on the bottom, at 115 meters depth.
			Accept that the old gasket is leaking again or is lost  Intend to detach the folding flange and install a new gasket submerged.
		08.00	BF 2472
		12.00	BF 2742	Day's run:    54.0 nm.
		16.00	BF 2472
				All day continuous propeller sounds strength 0-4.
		20.00	BF 2472	Boat raised from the bottom.
				Proceeding to the west for repairs.
				Boat had to dive during snorkel failure with low pressure and diesel exhaust gases.  Despite heavy use of potash cartridges, instances of slight CO-poisoning appear.
		20.45	W 3, Sea 0, oily sea, clear horizon, Vis. very good, full moon, bright as day	Surfaced.
				All anti-aircraft weapons manned, tubes flooded.  Folding flange was unscrewed from the intake mast, boat well ventilated;   afterwards quick improvement of the ill sailors.  After 50 minutes work the folding flange was in the boat.
		21.10		Radio Message 1907/31/837
				"Pulst" as operational area occupy the sea area between longitude of naval square 2610 and 3610, both left edge, large square east of green Otto Anton.
		21.30	BF 1693	Dived.
				Remained at 20 meters depth proceeding to the west.
		23.37		Radio Message 2039/31/841
				Situation Cherbourg:
				1)  Each day about 8 "Liberty" and 8-10 tank landing ships enter; same number departing.  Crossing the Channel by day.
				2)  Traffic goes from naval square BF 3147 on SE-course for BF 3552.

Sun and Moon Data 31.10.44

	- 14 -
		01.11.44	West entrance to the Channel, south of Scilly
		00.00	BF 1693	Boat lies on the bottom, 122 meters while repairing the folding flange.
		04.00	BF 1693
		05.00	W 3, Sea 0, oily sea, clear horizon, Vis. very good, full moon, bright as day	Surfaced.
				On course 95° again making for the operations area.  Flange was screwed in.  Work without interruption and detection possible.  At the same time navigation fix taken.
				Correction after a navigation fix:  306°, 12 nm.
		05.55		Dived.
				Snorkel is perfect.  Boat again ready for combat.
		07.45		End snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 1666
		12.00	BF 2447	Day's run:  10.5 nm
				21.5 nm
				32.0 nm.
		16.00	BF 2548
		20.00	BF 2449	By day continual propellers and depth charges.
		21.00	N 2, Sea 2, clear horizon, Vis. good	Begin snorkeling.
		02.11.44
		00.00	BF 2459
		00.05		While listening around propellers bearing 5°T, strength 3, growing louder, stopped at irregular intervals.
				Silent speed.
		01.00		Silent speed ended.
		02.35		End snorkeling.
		04.00	BF 2467
		05.15	NW 3, Sea 2, misty, Vis. bad	Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 2469	End snorkeling.
		12.00	BF 2572	Day's run:    49.0 nm.
		16.00	BF 2548

	Sun and Moon Data 01.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 02.11.44

	- 15 -
		02.11.44	Western entrance of the Channel
		20.00	BF 2572	Correction after a depth sounding 208°, 5.5 nm.
		21.15	NW 3, Sea 2, misty, Vis. bad	Begin snorkeling.
		21.30		Passed the 100-meter line to the east.  From this point the tides are powerful.  When the tide ran against put the boat on the botton to save the battery.
			Strong defense between 200 and 100-meter line, constant depth charges, aircraft bombs and sound bearings.  Boat was never detected by search groups, could steer into the operations area without difficulties and changes of course.
		22.19		Radio Message 2012/2/862
				"Pulst" and "Voigt":  Aircraft of 19 Group reported 15.07 hours diving U-boat on easterly course.  Avoid surfacing at all cost.  You make life difficult for yourself if you are seen.  Expect reinforced air operations, carry out evasive movements.
				Boat was submerged at the time in question.
		22.37		Radio Message 0952/2/858
				1)  "Pulst"
				If the situation is favorable, eastward limitation of operations area may be crossed.
				2) "Voigt"
				If operations area of "Pulst" is occupied, same limitation.
		23.18	BF 2581	Steady detection strength 3-4.
				Snorkel crash dive!
				Went to 60 meters.
		03.11.44
		00.00	BF 2581
		01.55		Begin snorkeling.
		03.35		End snorkeling.
		04.00	BF 2558
		08.00	BF 2559
		11.00	BF 2564	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 82 meters.

	Sun and Moon Data 02.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 03.11.44

	- 16 -
		03.11.44	Western entrance of the Channel
		12.00	BF 2564	Day's run:    44.5 nm.
		16.00	BF 2564	By day continual propeller noises and single depth charges.
		20.00	BF 2564	Boot raised from the bottom.
		21.00	NW 3, Sea 3, misty, Vis. bad	Begin snorkeling.
		04.11.44
		00.00	BF 2562	End snorkeling.
				Boat lies on the bottom, depth 74 meters.
		04.00	BF 2562	Boat raised from the bottom.
				Begin snorkeling.
		05.46	BF 2563	Detection on Borkum, strength 3-4, bright tone.
				Snorkel crash dive!
		07.30		Reached the southwest corner of the operations area.
		08.00	BF 2617
		09.00		During periscope sweep a Sunderland bearing 75°T range = 1500 meters, was not detected.
		09.30	BF 2617	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 75 meters.
		12.00	BF 2617	Day's run:    25.0 nm.
		16.00	BF 2617
		20.00	BF 2617	Boat raised from the bottom.
				By day continual depth charges and aircraft bombs.
		23.00	NW 5, Sea 3-4, misty, Vis. bad	Begin snorkeling.
		05.11.44
		00.00	BF 2615
		02.15		End snorkeling.
		03.00	BF 2613	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 64 meters.
		04.00	BF 2613
		08.00	BF 2613

	Sun and Moon Data 03.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 04.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 05.11.44

	- 17 -
		05.11.44	Channel, Operations area
		09.15		Boat raised from the bottom.
			Intend to run through the operations area first on course 90°.  At periscope depth with every sound bearing, otherwise a periscope sweep of the location.  Proceeding at 25-30 meters.
		11.00	BF 2621	Catalina bearing 90°T, range = 2000 meters, was not detected.
			Weather worsening
			NW 5, Sea 4-5, completely overcast, Vis. poor
		11.45	BF 2621	Masthead bearing 180°T, θ = 90°, probably a destroyer, shifted quickly ahead, disappearing 30°T.
		12.00	BF 2621	Day's run:    24.0 nm.
		16.00	BF 2613	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 62 meters.
		20.00	BF 2623	Boat raised from the bottom.
				By day no depth charges and aircraft bombs.
		21.00		Begin snorkeling.
		06.11.44
		00.00	BF 2632
		02.30		End snorkeling.
				02.00 - 07.30 hours GHG out of service (pre-amplifier).  Tubes exchanged.
		04.00	BF 3512
		07.35		GHG again in service, but with lower reception strength.
		07.40		Propeller sounds bearing 140°T.
		08.00	BF 3512	Correction after a navigation fix (by sounding):  74°, 21 nm.
				Convoy bearing 90°T, θ = 0°, 4 steamers, 2 escorts, course 180°, range 5000 - 6000 meters.  Details not distinguished, because only mastheads and smokestacks were seen.
				No attack, combat range too large.
		08.30	BF 3199	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 54 meters.

	Sun and Moon Data 05.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 06.11.44

	- 18 -
		06.11.44	Channel, Operations area
		12.00	BF 3199	Day's run:    66.0 nm.
		16.00	BF 3199
		20.00	BF 3199	By day single depth charges.  Due to own noise lying on the bottom, reception in the GHG is sometimes bad.
		23.00		Boat is raised from the bottom.
		07.11.44
		00.00	BF 3199	Begin snorkeling.
				Changing courses to determine position with depth sounding.
		04.00	BF 3613
		05.45		Steady detection, very loud, bright tone, 30 seconds.
				Snorkel crash dive!
		08.00	BF 3615
		12.00	BF 3618	Day's run:    44.5 nm.
		16.00	BF 3619
		20.00	BF 3619	Begin snorkeling.
			NW 1, Sea 1-2, thick fog, Vis. marginal
		08.11.44
		00.00	BF 3612
		02.00		End snorkeling.
		02.35	BF 3275	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 54 meters.
		04.00	BF 3275
		07.00		Boat raised from the bottom.
		08.00	BF 3275	3 destroyers bearing 270°T, θ = 10°.  Search group, course 90°, enemy speed 8 - 20 knots, range = 4000 meters.
			N 1, Sea 1, oily sea, overcast, Vis. 3 nm
				Search group comes closer and closer, identified as "Hunt"-class destroyers, paint light grey to white.
		08.30		To Action Stations!

	Sun and Moon Data 06.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 07.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 08.11.44

	- 19 -
		08.11.44	Channel, Operations area
				Destroyers steering changing courses, stopping and starting alternately getting under way again.  At the same time making explosive depth sounding and locating sounds.  Impact of the sounds on the side of the hull sounds like breaking ice or glass or like a hollow rod device for mine searching.
				Boat passes between the destroyers at periscope depth throughout.  Smallest passing distance 1000 meters.  Was not detected.
				No attack, want to remain undetected.
			At this time of year the bad weather conditions and visibility make finding the enemy in the operations area very difficult.   Therefore, because eastern border of the operations area has already been reached and crossed, intend to head for the coast at Cherbourg on southwest courses to detect traffic at this concentration point more certainly.
		09.00		Search group out of sight 90°T.
		11.00	BF 3275	3 aircraft, hunting, was not detected.
		12.00	BF 3275	Day's run:    44.0 nm.
		15.00	BF 3272	Aircraft, type not determined.  Was not detected.
		20.00	BF 3248
		21.45		Begin snorkeling.
		09.11.44
		00.00	BF 3196
		00.20		Propeller noises bearing 120° - 170°, with clanging chain and S-gear, strength 0-2.
				Snorkeling not broken off
				Sounds vanished bearing 110°T.
				Nothing seen in the periscope.
		03.35		End snorkeling.
		04.00	BF 3196
		05.15	BF 3196	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 74 meters.
		08.00	BF 3196
		09.00	BF 3196	Boat raised from the bottom, due to a sound band bearing 110° - 130°, strength 0-1.  Nothing seen in the periscope.
			NW 4, Sea 4, completely overcast, Vis. medium

	Sun and Moon Data 08.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 09.11.44

	- 20 -
		09.11.44	Channel, Operations area
				Sounds quickly grow quieter.
		12.00	BF 3195	Day's run:    50.0 nm.
		16.00	BF 3198
		20.00	BF 3535
		21.00	BF 3535	Begin snorkeling.
		10.11.44
		00.00	BF 3537	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 66 meters.
		04.00	BF 3537
		08.00	BF 3537	Boat raised from the bottom.
		10.00		Noise buoy heard in the entire area, strength 3-4, between 110° - 140° propeller sounds.
				In the periscope bearing 210° - 60°T, θ 330° - 120° 4 steamers in ballast leaving Cherbourg, course 20°, 7-8 knots, range 1000 - 1800 meters.
				2 escort vessels with the convoy.
				No attack, due to unfavorable shooting position.
		12.00	BF 3529	Day's run:    34.5 nm.
		13.40		Propeller sounds bearing 30°T.
				In the periscope recognized 3 individual steamers, moving at a great distance, with 1 escort.
		14.00	BF 35611	Operating on the largest steamer, bearing 110°T, θ 20°, enemy course 220°, enemy speed 10 knots, range 3000 meters.
				To Action Stations!
		14.29	NW 4, Sea 4, choppy sea, overcast, Vis. good, water depth 50 meters	FAT - two-fan from tubes II and IV.
				Firing data:
				Depth 7
				"MZ on"
				Torpedo velocity 30
				Enemy bow right 90°
				Enemy speed 12 knots
				Range 2000 meters
				Loops right long, straight course distance before first loop 2000 meters and 1500 meters.
				Aim point center.
		14.36		1. Hit after 7 minutes 46 seconds.
		14.38		2. Hit after 9      "      13      ".
				Steamer was observed sinking by the stern 1 minute after torpedo detonation.

	Sun and Moon Data 09.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 10.11.44

	- 21 -
		10.11.44	Channel, Operations area
				2 minutes after hit completely sunk.
				Heavy sinking sounds heard in the GHG.
				Steamer of modern type, 4 double loading masts, Mayer bow and rounded stern, black paint, 1 cannon fore and aft. estimate 8000 GRT.
				After the torpedo detonation the remaining steamers turn away and head for coast.  Boat is no longer in firing position.
				During and after the attack no defense aside from repeated weak detonations, probably explosive location, in direction of the escort.
		14.40		Set off to the north to charge battery and reload torpedoes.
			Suppose that steamers from disbanding convoys northeast of Cherbourg (about square 3563) arrive separately off the coast to enter Cherbourg  However, departing in convoy on course 20° - 30°.
		16.00	BF 3537
		20.00	BF 3535	Begin snorkeling.
		22.00		Making for an observing position off Cherbourg.
		11.11.44
		00.00	BF 3531	End snorkeling.
		01.30	BF 3534	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 35 meters.
				From 02.00 - 03.00 hours propeller and clanging chain sounds bearing 70°T, engines stop intermittently.
			Suppose search group for the approaches to "Cherbourg".
		04.00	BF 3534
		07.30		Boat is raised off the bottom.
		08.00	BF 3534	Begin snorkeling.
		08.15		End snorkeling.
				Fast propellers in all sectors, very loud.
		08.30		Was 3 S-boats (course south) passing overhead.

	Sun and Moon Data 10.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 11.11.44

	- 22 -
		11.11.44	Channel, Operations area
		10.00	BF 3534	To Action Stations.
			S 1, Sea 1, completely overcast, mist, fog, Vis. very bad	A broad sound band bearing 325°T, strength 5.  Nothing seen in the periscope.  With suddenly clearing fog in the direction of the sound bearing 325°T, θ 40° a convoy leaving "Cherbourg".  1 destroyer, 1 tanker, 1 steamer, 3 small vessels.  Range 3000 - 4000 meters.
				No attack, as it is immediately lost in the fog.
		12.00	BF 3537	Day's run:    51.0 nm.
		16.00	BF 3529	Hospital ship entering "Cherbourg", similar to "Duke of Lancaster", 3000 GRT.
		20.00	BF 3523
		21.00		Begin snorkeling.
		12.11.44
		00.00	BF 3528
		01.00		End snorkeling.
		01.30	BF 3528	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 75 ft.
		04.00	BF 3528
		06.30		Boat raised from the bottom.
		07.00		Begin snorkeling.
		07.30		End snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 3529
		10.00	BF 3537	3 destroyers bearing 240°T, θ 350° on changing courses and speeds.  Scare depth charges and explosive location.  Range 3000 meters.
		12.00	BF 3537	Day's run:    51.0 nm.
			Vis. bad in heavy fog
		16.00	BF 3538
		20.00	BF 3617
		21.50		Begin snorkeling.
		13.11.44
		00.00	BF 3614

	Sun and Moon Data 11.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 12.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 13.11.44

	- 23 -
		13.11.44	Channel, Operations area
		02.00	BF 3535	Signal traffic and vessels with lights set bearing 190°T, θ 280°.  Passing ahead, disappeared bearing 0°T, distinguishable as fast propellers in the GHG.
		02.30		End snorkeling.
		03.00	BF 3537	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 68 meters.
		04.00	BF 3537
		07.30		Boat raised from the bottom.
		08.00	BF 3537	Land sighted bearing 180°T.  Details not distinguishable, range about 8-10 nm.
			NW 3, Sea 3, freshening, still foggy
		08.40	BF 3537	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 75 meters.
		10.00		Boat raised from the bottom.
		10.30		Sound band bearing 60°T.
				Operated on it by plotted sound bearings.
		11.45	BF 3537	Convoy occasionally in sight.
				Particulars not distinguishable due to bad visibility and thick fog.
		12.00	BF 3537	Day's run:    55.3 nm.
				Boat lies on the bottom, depth 57 meters.
		16.00	BF 3537
		20.00	BF 3537
		14.11.44
		00.00	BF 3537
		03.45		Boat raised from the bottom.
		04.00	BF 3537	Begin snorkeling.
		04.40		Bright glow bearing 182°T, suppose the town of "Cherbourg".
				Lighted buoy bearing 68°, range 2 nm.
				Identifier:
				Blink 1 seconds
				Pause 5 seconds
				Repetition 6 seconds
			Suppose approach buoy for "Cherbourg" in square 35375.
		05.46	BF 3529	Snorkel crash dive.
				Steady detection on Borkum strength 3, bright tone.
		06.00	BF 3529	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 76 meters.
		08.00	BF 3529

	Sun and Moon Data 13.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 14.11.44

	- 24 -
		14.11.44	Channel, Operations area
		09.56	BF 3529	Sound bearing 300°T.
		10.00		Boat raised from the bottom.
				To Action Stations.
				1 Frigate, 3 steamers bearing 300°, θ 0° leaving "Cherbourg".
				Could not get at, even at GF the current is too strong.  Boat hardly moves based on land bearing.
		12.00	BF 3529	Day's run:    07.0 nm.
		13.00	BF 3529	Aircraft (Lerwick) bearing 180°T, range 500 meters.  Was not detected.
		13.45	BF 3529	Boat lies on the bottom.
		16.00	BF 3529	Boat lies on the bottom with 3 1/2 tons of negative buoyancy, nevertheless the boat is moved from side to side by the strong current.  As a result, listening is much more difficult, sometimes impossible.
				For example, the boat was turned to a reciprocal heading within 2 minutes, by the capsizing current.
		20.00	BF 3529
		15.11.44
		00.00	BF 3529
		03.10		Boat is raised from the bottom.
		03.30		Begin snorkeling.
		04.00	BF 3529
		05.30		End snorkeling.
		05.55		Parachute flares bearing 290T, range 6 nm.
		06.00	NW 3, Sea 2, rain, Vis. 1 nm	Fast propeller sounds bearing 325°T, strength 4-5.
				Silent speed.
				Engines stopped regularly every 10 minutes for 3 minutes.
		07.20		Propeller sounds vanished bearing 120°T.
				Silent speed ended.
		08.00	BF 3537
		11.00	BF 3537	Aircraft bearing 330°T, type not determined, was not detected.
		12.00	BF 3529	Day's run:    15.5 nm.
		13.30	BF 3553	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 64 meters.

	Sun and Moon Data 14.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 15.11.44

	- 25 -
		15.11.44	Channel, Operations area
		16.00	BF 3553
		20.00	BF 3553
		22.50		Boat is raised from the bottom.
		16.11.44
		00.00	BF 3553	Begin snorkeling.
		02.45		End snorkeling.
		03.40	BF 3561	Boat lies on the bottom.
		04.00	BF 3561
		08.00	BF 3561
		10.45	W 2, Sea 0-1, misty, Vis. bad	Boat is raised from the bottom
				Continuous sound bearings, in the periscope however, nothing is seen.
		12.00	BF 3553	Day's run:    15.5 nm.
		12.15	BF 3553	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 65 meters.
		15.40	Vis. remains bad, rain, fog	Boat is raised from the bottom.
				In the periscope nothing is distinguishable.
		16.20	BF 3553	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 65 meters.
		20.00	BF 3553
		21.45		Boat is raised from the bottom.
		22.00		Begin snorkeling.
		22.20	BF 3561	Short detection on Borkum, only single 3 bright points of 1/4 seconds heard, strength 2-3, then nothing further.
				Continued snorkeling.
		17.11.44
		00.00	BF 3561
		00.30		End snorkeling.
		01.00	BF 3561	Boat lies on the bottom, 52 meters.
		04.00	BF 3561
		07.00		Boat is raised from the bottom.
				Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 3562	End snorkeling.
			SW 5, Sea 4-5, overcast, rain, Vis. medium

	Sun and Moon Data 15.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 16.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 17.11.44

	- 26 -
		17.11.44	Channel, Operations area
		10.00	BF 3563	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 42 meters.
		10.20	BF 3563	Sound bearing 180°T, quickly growing louder.
		10.40		Boat is raised from the bottom.
				To Action Stations!
		10.48		1 steamer (transporter) bearing 0°T, θ 40°, course 0°, 8 knots, range 800 meters.
			Because there is already an astern target angle, only have a T 5 shot.
		10.51	BF 3563	Reversal shot from tube III
			SW 5, Sea 4-5, overcast, rain showers, Vis. medium, water depth 43 meters	Firing data:
				Depth 7 meters
				Torpedo velocity 40 knots
				Enemy target angle 180°
				Enemy speed 8 knots
				Range 800 meters
				Steering NS
				Aim point stern
				Followed the torpedo with the GHG, steering in the cover of the ship's propeller.  Up to the end of the running track, no impact, no detonation.  Reason for miss undetermined.  Values and settings were certain and exact, possibility of torpedo failure, since the torpedo had been aboard from 16 August.
				Estimate the size of the steamer as 6000 GRT.  Grey paint, electric loading gear, 1 smokestack with cap, 1 cannon forward and aft.
		12.00	BF 3563	Ran off to the north.
				Day's run:    22.0 nm.
		12.15	BF 3563	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 44 meters.
		16.00	BF 3562
		20.00	BF 3563
		21.30		Boat raised from the bottom.
		21.50		Begin snorkeling.
				While snorkeling continually took bearings on a buoy, position BF 35632.
				Particulars:
				1 second blink,
				5 second pause,
				6 second repetition.

Sun and Moon Data 17.11.44

	- 27 -
		18.11.44	Channel, Operations area northeast Barfleur
		00.00	BF 3563
		00.50		End snorkeling.
		01.00	BF 3563	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 52 meters.
		07.30		Boat is raised from the bottom.
				Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 3563	End snorkeling.
		08.45	BF 3563	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 41 meters.
		11.50	SW 4, Sea 4, misty, Vis. bad	Boat is raised from the bottom.
				Sound bearing quickly growing louder in the whole sector.
				To Action Stations!
				Destroyer running at high speed close by the boat, quickly out of sight bearing 270°T.
				No possibility of firing.
		12.00	BF 3563	Day's run:    04.7 nm.
		16.00	BF 3563
		16.20		Propeller sounds bearing 50°T, growing louder, likely pistons and diesel. In periscope nothing seen, because visibility is still bad.
		17.00		Nothing more heard.
				Boat lies on the bottom, depth 50 meters.
		20.00	BF 3563
		21.40		Boat is raised from the bottom.
		22.00		Begin snorkeling.
				While snorkeling a second buoy is pinpointed.
				Position:  BF 36175
				Particulars:
				1 second blink,
				5 second pause,
				6 second repetition.
		23.20	BF 3617	Steady tone on Borkum, dull search tone, strength 0-1, after 10 minutes nothing more heard.
				Continued snorkeling.
			Suppose, that buoys pinpointed on 17 and 18 November are on the convoy route from the north to Cherbourg, because traffic is constantly observed here during the last few days.

Sun and Moon Data 18.11.44

	- 28 -
		18.11.44	Channel, Operations area northeast of Barfleur
			Given the bad visibility, intend to remain on the buoy route to detect traffic with certainty.
		19.11.44
		00.00	BF 3617
		00.30		End snorkeling.
		00.45	BF 3617	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 45 meters.
		04.00	BF 3617
		07.00		Boat is raised from the bottom.
				Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 3617
		08.20		End snorkeling.
		08.30	BF 3617	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 44 meters.
		11.20		Broad sound band bearing 115°T, quickly growing louder.
		11.30		Raised from the bottom.
		11.45		To Action Stations!
				Convoy bearing 150°, θ 320°, 3 steamers, type Liberty, 1 escort, course 180°, 8 knots, range 2000 - 3000 meters.
			Intend, because the boat has a stern target angle to the convoy, to operate on the last two steamers of the convoy, to wit, on the forward most steamer a following shot T 5, on the last steamer a FAT-fan.
		12.00	BF 3617	Day's run:    13.6 nm.
		12.00	BF 36176	Reversal shot from tube II
			W 4-5, Sea 4, overcast, rain showers, Vis. 3 nm, water depth 42 meters	Firing data:
				Depth  7 meters
				Torpedo velocity  40 knots
				Enemy position  bow left, target angle 160°
				Target speed  8 knots
				Range  2000 meters
				Steering  NS
				Aim point  stern
				Torpedo runs and steers in the direction of the propellers.
				After 6 minutes a violent detonation.

	Sun and Moon Data 18.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 19.11.44

	- 29 -
		19.11.44	Channel, Operations area northeast of Barfleur
				Steamer sinks over the stern.  Burns under heavy clouds of smoke, further weak detonations (munitions).  Strong sinking and breaking up sounds heard in the GHG.
				Steamer identified as "Liberty" type, 7000 GRT, fully loaded, painted grey.
		12.06		FAT-fan from tubes I and IV.
				Firing data:
				Depth  7 meters, "MZ on"
				Torpedo velocity  30 knots
				Enemy target angle  bow left 90°
				Target speed  8 knots
				Range  2000 meters
				Loops  left long, initial run 2500 and 3000 meters
				Aim point  center.
				Only one torpedo of the fan runs (observed with the GHG).
				No detonation.
				Reason for miss:  1 torpedo probably a failure, the other's initial run was set too far, so that FAT-fan was beyond the target.
				Steamer identified as "Liberty" type as above.
			Since after 5 minutes no torpedo detonation was heard, and the steamer is still in favorable position for a reversal shot, intend a following shot.
		12.14		Reversal shot from tube III
				Firing data:
				Depth 5 meters
				Torpedo velocity 40 knots
				Enemy bow left 120°
				Target speed 8 knots
				Range 2500 meters
				Steering  following shot [NS setting for a receding target]
				Aim point stern
				No detonation.
				Reason for miss:  Enemy range was beyond maximum range, torpedo was heard in the GHG, ran in direction of the propellers.
		12.15		Made off to the west.

Sun and Moon Data 19.11.44

	- 30 -
		19.11.44	Channel, Operations area northeast of Barfleur
				At and immediately after the attack no defense or location.  The escort ran on with remaining 2 steamers on the same course.  However, the convoy made strong evasive maneuvers after the 1st shot.
		15.00		Fast propellers and depth charges in the direction of the shooting location.
		16.00	BF 3539
		16.30	BF 3539	Boat lies on the bottom.
		20.00	BF 3539
		22.00		Boat raised from the bottom.
				Begin snorkeling.
				Snorkel mast cannot be latched.  Cannot repair the malfunction submerged.
		22.30	BF 3539	Surfaced.
			W 3, Sea 3, completely overcast, drizzle	Malfunction repaired after 10 minutes.
		22.40	BF 3539	Dived.
		23.00		Begin snorkeling.
		20.11.44
		00.00	BF 3617
		03.00		End snorkeling.
		03.20	BF 3617	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 51 meters, close to the buoy.
		04.00	BF 3617
		08.00	BF 3617
		10.00		Boat raised from the bottom.
				Periscope sweep.
				Nothing seen in the periscope.
		10.30	BF 3617	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 51 meters.
		12.00	BF 3617	Day's run:  00.7 nm
				20.3 nm
				21.0 nm.
		15.00	SW 4, Sea 4, overcast, Vis. bad 2 nm, snow and rain	Boat raised from the bottom.
				Nothing seen in the periscope.

	Sun and Moon Data 19.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 20.11.44

	- 31 -
		20.11.44	Channel, Operations area northeast of Barfleur
		15.30	BF 3617	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 51 meters.
		16.00	BF 3617
		17.00		Boat raised from the bottom.
				Nothing seen in the periscope.
		17.30	BF 3617	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 51 meters.
		20.00	BF 3617
		21.40		Boat raised from the bottom.
				Begin snorkeling.
		21.11.44
		00.00	BF 3641
		00.40		End snorkeling.
		00.50	BF 3563	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 51 meters.
		04.00	BF 3563
		07.40		Boat raised from the bottom
				Begin snorkeling.
				Accurate ships position plotted from land bearings of Barfleur (distance 5 nm).
		08.00	BF 3563	End snorkeling.
		09.00	BF 3563	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 43 meters.
		10.50		Propeller sounds bearing 20°T, strength 4-5, destroyer with Asdic-location and scare depth charges.  Not detected.
				Stayed on the bottom.
			Assume that the destroyer runs to the north of the boat on the route.
		12.00	BF 3563	Day's run:    14.0 nm.
		16.00	BF 3565
		16.25		Boat raised from the bottom.
		16.43		Radio Message 1533/21/856
				All boats in the operations area, particularly "Kneip" and "Pulst":  Once on return transit in a clear sea area situation report is required.
		17.40	BF 3562	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 55 meters
		20.00	BF 3562

	Sun and Moon Data 20.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 21.11.44

	- 32 -
		21.11.44	Channel, Operations area northeast of Barfleur
		21.40		Boat raised from the bottom.
				Begin snorkeling.
		23.00	BF 3538	2 vessels with set lights bearing 300°T, θ 280°, signaling amongst themselves, not read.
		22.11.44
		00.00	BF 3538
		01.20		End snorkeling.
		01.40	BF 3562	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 60 meters.
		04.00	BF 3562
		07.30		Boat raised from the bottom.
				Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 3562	End snorkeling.
			SW 4, Sea 2, overcast, Vis. medium
		09.40	BF 3562	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 60 meters.
		12.00	BF 3562	Day's run:    32.5 nm.
		14.00	Visibility deteriorating	Boat raised from the bottom.
				Periscope sweep, nothing seen.
		14.35	BF 3562	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 59 meters.
		16.00	BF 3562
		17.20	Thick fog	Boat raised from the bottom.
				Periscope sweep.
		16.45	BF 3562	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 63 meters.
		20.00	BF 3562
		21.40		Boat raised from the bottom.
		22.00		Begin snorkeling.
		22.17		Radio Message 1527/22/867 and 1611/22/868
		22.25		Channel boats:
				Channel Islands report traffic observed on 21 November:
				11.00 hours 1 passenger ship, small freighter, 1 escort destroyer, all course south.
				12.00 hours 5 Liberty, course north.

	Sun and Moon Data 21.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 22.11.44

	- 33 -
		22.11.44	Channel, Operations area north of Barfleur
				14.00 hours 1 passenger ship 12000 GRT course south.
				17.00 hours 2 LST course south.
				Bruno Fritz 3552:
				12.00 hours 2 SBT, 3 LST course south.
				12.35 hours 3 LST course north.
				15.50 hours 1 auxiliary aircraft carrier, 5 Liberty, course south .
				18.30 hours 1 hospital ship course north.
			Operation on the units reported in the Radio Message is not possible, because the boat too far to the east.   Intend to start return transit on western courses under the coast via the Cherbourg Roadstead. Boat has stayed on the operations area for 20 days, supply of potash cartridges is exhausted.
		23.11.44
		00.00	BF 3562
		00.15		End snorkeling.
		04.00	BF 3562
		07.55		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 3562
			SW 3, Sea 2, partial overcast, Vis. medium
		08.15		End snorkeling.
		08.55	BF 3562	Barfleur bearing 188°T distance 2-3 nm.
			In spite of westerly courses the boat has not made headway to the west, because the opposing current is too strong in direction of 50° up to 6 knots.
		11.20	BF 3562	Aircraft, bearing 270°, range 3000 meters, type not identified, was not detected.
		11.30	BF 3562	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 42 meters.
		12.00	BF 3562	Day's run:    3.7 nm.
				Boat raised from the bottom, the current is too strong.  Boat was dislodged with 3-1/2 tons negative buoyancy.  Making for deeper water.
		13.15	BF 3562	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 57 meters.

	Sun and Moon Data 22.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 23.11.44

	- 34 -
		22.11.44	Channel, Operations area north of Barfleur
		14.50		Ship propellers bearing 15°T, quickly growing louder.
				Boat raised from the bottom.
				To Action Stations!
		15.00	BF 3562	1 steamer bearing 210°, θ 230°, course 270°, 9 knots, range = 2000 meters.
		15.13	BF 35625	Reversal shot from tube V.
			W 3-4, Sea 3, partial overcast, Vis. good, water depth 50 meters	Firing data:
				Depth 5 meters
				Torpedo velocity 40 knots
				Enemy position  bow left 140°
				Target speed 9 knots
				Range = 2000 meters
				Steering NS
				Aim point stern.
				Torpedo runs in the direction of the propeller.
		15.19		After 5 minutes 30 seconds torpedo detonation.
				High explosion column observed at the stern of the steamer.  Steamer settles deeper aft.  Engine stops, steamer drifts toward the coast.
			Run immediately for a coup de grace.
		16.06		T I FAT from tube I
				Firing data:
				Depth 5 meters
				Torpedo velocity 40 knots
				Enemy position bow left 60°
				Target speed 0
				Range 600 meters
				Loops right long, initial run 150 meters
				Aim point center.
				Torpedo runs.
		16.06		After 30 seconds hit center underneath the bridge.  High explosion column.  Steamer sinks slowly on an even keel.  Sinking and breaking up noises heard in the GHG.  Crew abandons steamer.
				Sinks after 5 minutes.
				Steamer identified as "Emergency" type, 7000 GRT, loaded, grey paint.
				During and after attack no defense.
		16.10	BF 3562	Begin return transit after using up the combat power of the boat and crew, 1 T 5, 96 cbm.

Sun and Moon Data 22.11.44

	- 35 -
		23.11.44	Channel, Operations area north of Barfleur
				Set off on northwesterly courses.
		16.45		many fast propellers and depth charges in the direction of the shooting location.
		19.15		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	BF 3529
		23.25		Detection on Borkum, strength 3, bright steady tome.
				Snorkel crash dive!
		24.11.44
		00.00	BF 3519
		01.00	BF 3515	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 70 meters.
		04.00	BF 3515
		06.30		Boat raised from the bottom.
				Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 3515	End snorkeling.
			NW 3-4, Sea 4, Vis. 3-4 nm
		12.00	BF 2635	Day's run:    65.0 nm.
		12.20	BF 2635	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 69 meters.
		16.00	BF 2635
		18.50		Boat raised from the bottom.
				Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	BF 2634
		23.15	BF 2616	Schnorkel crash dive.
				Detection on Borkum, 3 times 5 second long bright tone, strength 2-3, afterwards steady tone strength 4 (land-based location?)
		25.11.44	BF 2616
		01.30		End snorkeling.
		01.45	BF 2618	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 72 meters.
		04.00	BF 2618
		07.00		Boat raised from the bottom.
		07.30	W 3, Sea 3, overcast, Vis. medium	Begin snorkeling.

	Sun and Moon Data 23.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 24.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 25.11.44

	- 36 -
		25.11.44	Channel, OPerations area
		00.00	BF 2616
		01.30		End snorkeling.
		01.45	BF 2618	Boat lies on the bottom, depth 72 meters.
		04.00	BF 2618
		07.00		Boat raised from the bottom.
		07.30	W 3, Sea 3, overcast, Vis. medium	Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 2618	End snorkeling.
		12.00	BF 2359	Day's run:    58.6 nm.
				Departed the operations area (southwest corner).
		16.00	BF 2563
		20.00	BF 2562	Begin snorkeling.
		23.00		Noise buoy heard from all sectors strength 2-5, continued snorkeling, after 50 minutes nothing more heard.
		26.11.44
		00.00	BF 2556
		01.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	BF 2555
		06.00	W 2, Sea 2, partial overcast, Vis. good	Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 2557	End snorkeling.
		10.15		Passed to the west of the 100-meter line.
				From there proceeding submerged at 60 meters.
		12.00	BF 2572	Day's run:    47.5 nm.
		16.00	BF 2571
			NW 3, Sea 3, overcast, Vis. medium
		19.00		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	BF 2491
		27.11.44
		00.00	BF 2481

	Sun and Moon Data 25.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 26.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 27.11.44

	- 37 -
		27.11.44	Western entrance of the Channel
		01.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	BF 2472
		07.00		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 2471	End snorkeling.
			W 2, Sea 1, long swells, overcast, Vis. medium
		12.00	BF 1668	Day's run:    73.5 nm.
		16.00	BF 1667
		19.00		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	BF 1655
		28.11.44
		00.00	BF 1651
		01.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	BF 1643
		07.20		Begin snorkeling .
		08.00	BF 1618
			W 4, Sea 4, overcast, rain, Vis. medium
		08.20		End snorkeling.
		12.00	BF 1617	Day's run:    67.0 nm.
		16.00	BF 1535
		19.00		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	BF 1534
		29.11.44
		00.00	BF 1521
		01.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	BF 1278
		07.00		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	BF 1196
		08.30		End snorkeling.

	Sun and Moon Data 27.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 28.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 29.11.44

	- 38 -
		29.11.44	South of Ireland
		12.00	BF 1192	Day's run:    71.0 nm.
			NW 3-4, Sea 3, westerly swell, overcast, Vis. medium
		16.00	BF 1191
		19.00		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	BF 1158
		21.15		Passed west of the 200-meter line.
			Weak sound bearings and constant depth charge series repeated during the day approximately 30°T (Saint George Channel).
		30.11.44
		00.00	BF 1151
		01.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	BF 1121
		06.30		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	AM 8876
		08.30		End snorkeling.
		09.50		Propeller sounds bearing 340.
				Engines stopped irregularly, in the distance depth charge series.
				Search group not distinguishable in the periscope.
		12.00	AM 8749	Day's run:    81.0 nm.
			NW 2, Sea 2, westerly swell, Vis. medium
		16.00	AM 8743
		19.00		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	AM 8719
		01.12.44
		00.00	AM 8712
		01.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	AM 8475
		06.00		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	AM 8448

	Sun and Moon Data 29.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 30.11.44
	Sun and Moon Data 01.12.44

	- 39 -
		01.12.44	Southwest of Ireland
		08.30		End snorkeling.
		12.00	AM 8442	Day's run:    68.0 nm.
			SW 1, Sea 1, overcast, fog, Vis. bad
		16.00	AM 8415
		19.00		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	AM 8412
		02.12.44
		00.00	AM 8148
		01.20		End snorkeling.
		01.40	AM 8148	Surfaced to send Radio Message in accordance with Radio Message 1553/21/856 of 21 November.
			WNW 7-8, Sea 7, overcast, bright moon, Vis. good
		02.26		Radio Message 0038/2/839
				Position AM 8140, 1 T V, 80 cbm.
				Traffic "Cherbourg"
				Independents or up to 4 steamers and 2 escorts with sound buoys from the north via 3539 off the coast to "Cherbourg".  Return convoy via 3537 30°.  Traffic from 3147 for 3552 not observed.
				Defense:  Search groups on the routes with scare depth charges, explosive location, saws and clanging chains.  Off approach points presumably noise buoys.  Snorkeling at night undisturbed.  Little location.
				Sank:  3 steamers 22000.
				Missing:  838/15, 837/19.
				All naval squares Bruno Fritz.
				" Pulst "
			Boat runs before the sea to send the Radio Message.  The antenna contact to the forward jumping wire is broken, sent with the starboard stern jumping wire, the sea state makes it very difficult.
		02.27	AM 8148	Dived.
		04.00	AM 8149
		08.00	AM 8143
		12.00	AM 8119	Day's run:  07.0 nm
			NNW 8, Sea 7, overcast, Vis. medium, heavy westerly swell	70.5 nm
				77.5 nm.

	Sun and Moon Data 01.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 02.12.44

	- 40 -
		02.12.44	West of Ireland
		13.38		Radio Message 0522/2/841
				Radio message 0038/2 from " Pulst " received with strength 2-3.  Serial number 839 settled.  Accepted content:
				Position AM 8140, 1 T V, 80 cbm.
				Traffic "Cherbourg"
				Independents or up to 4 steamers and 2 escorts with sound buoys from the north via 3539 off the coast to "Cherbourg".  Return convoy via 3537 30°.  Traffic from 3147 for 3552 not observed.
				Defense:  Search groups on the routes with scare depth charges, explosive location, saws and clanging chains.  Off approach points presumably noise buoys.  Snorkeling at night undisturbed.  Little location.
				Sank:  3 steamers 22000.
				Missing:  838/15, 837/19.
				All naval squares Bruno Fritz.
		13.26		Radio Message 1031/2/842
				" Pulst "
				Well done.
				Your O.K.M. and B.d.U.
		16.00	AM 8113
		20.00	AM 5779	Begin snorkeling.
			WNW 6, Sea 7, overcast, Vis. medium
			Snorkeling across the seas.  Suppose that the prevailing weather is at the limit for proceeding with the snorkel.  Boat rocked back and forth heavily.  Changing depth by 16 to 9 meters.
		03.12.44
		00.00	AM 5782	Correction after a navigation fix by soundings 128°, 11 nm.
		01.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	AM 5455
		06.00		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	AM 5728	End snorkeling.
		12.00	AM 5722	Day's run:    69.0 nm.
			NW 5, Sea 5, overcast, Vis. medium, driving snow
		16.00	AM 5488
		19.00		Begin snorkeling.

	Sun and Moon Data 02.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 03.12.44

	- 41 -
		03.12.44	West of Ireland
		20.00	AM 5482
		23.00		End snorkeling.
		04.12.44
		00.00	AM 5428
		04.00	AM 5425
		06.00		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	AM 5188
		09.00		End snorkeling.
		12.00	AM 5182	Day's run:    72.0 nm.
			NW 7-8, Sea 7, overcast, Vis. good, westerly swell
		16.00	AM 5158
		19.30		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	AM 5155
		05.12.44
		00.00	AM 5125
		00.30		End snorkeling.
		04.00	AM 1997
		06.00		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	AM 2991
		08.30		Snorkeling completed.
		12.00	AM 2964	Day's run:    67.0 nm.
			NW 3-4, Sea 4-5, partial overcast, Vis. good, long westerly swell
		16.00	AM 2961
		19.00		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	AM 2934
		06.12.44
		00.00	AM 2794
		01.00		End snorkeling.

	Sun and Moon Data 03.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 04.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 05.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 06.12.44

	- 42 -
		06.12.44	West of the Herbrides
		04.00		From 01.30 to 05.25 hours S-gear sounds were heard strength 0-1 from 270° to 320°.  Irregular impulses similar to those on 13 October.
		06.00		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	AM 2761
		08.40		End snorkeling.
		12.00	AM 2737	Day's run:    68.0 nm.
			NW 6, Sea 5-6, overcast, snow showers, Vis. 3 nm
		16.00	AM 2734
		19.00		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	AM 2592
		21.00		Correction after a navigation fix, 119°, 28 nm.
		07.12.44
		00.00	AM 2679
		01.30		End snorkeling.
		04.00	AM 2676
		06.00		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	AM 2673	End snorkeling.
		12.00	AM 2649	Day's run:    49.0 nm.
			N 4, Sea 4, westerly swell, partial overcast
		16.00	AM 2649
		20.00	AM 2648	Begin snorkeling.
		08.12.44
		00.00	AM 2618
		01.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	AM 2616	Boat makes for the Shetland-Faroes Passage.
		06.00		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	AM 2621	End snorkeling.

	Sun and Moon Data 06.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 07.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 08.12.44

	- 43 -
		08.12.44	Sea area NW of Scotland
		12.00	AM 2622	Day's run:    40.0 nm.
			NNW 4-5, Sea 5, overcast, Vis. good
		16.00	AM 2489
		19.00		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	AM 2495
		09.12.44
		00.00	AM 3371
		00.01		Snorkel crash dive!
				Searching spotlight out of the clouds, no prior detection on Borkum.
			Therefore do not believe that it was an aircraft searchlight, but only the aurora borealis which was observed many times while snorkeling.
		04.00	AM 3349
		05.00		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	AM 3355
		08.30		End snorkeling.
		12.00	AM 3353	Day's run:    71.0 nm.
			NW 4-5, Sea 4, partial overcast, aurora borealis, Vis. good
		16.00	AM 3337
		18.00		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	AM 3338
		10.12.44
		00.00	AM 3336
		01.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	AM 3277
		06.10		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	AM 3272

	Sun and Moon Data 08.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 09.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 10.12.44

	- 44 -
		10.12.44	Shetland-Faroes Passage
		09.30		End snorkeling.
		12.00	AM 3249	Day's run:    59.0 nm.
			N 0-1, Sea 0, partial overcast, long westerly swell, Vis. very good
		16.00	AM 3251
		19.10		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	AM 3225
		22.27		Radio Message 1516/10.836
				To "Pulst"
				12 December 08.00 hours switch to Coastal Circuit.
		11.12.44
		00.00	AE 9979
		04.00	AE 9981
			Ship's position updated during long snorkel period with depth soundings.
		07.00		End snorkeling.
		08.00	AE 9983
		12.00	AE 9992	Day's run:    77.0 nm.
			NE 1-2, Sea 0-1, thin overcast, Vis. very good
		16.00	AE 9993
		19.00		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	AF 7771
		22.06		Radio Message 2029/11/857
				Return harbour for "Unterhorst" is Trondheim, for "Pulst" Bergen.
		12.12.44
		00.00	AF 7757
		01.00		End snorkeling.
		04.00	AF 7758
		06.00		Begin snorkeling

	Sun and Moon Data 10.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 11.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 12.12.44

	- 45 -
		12.12.44	Shetland-Faroes Passage
		08.00	AF 7764
		08.30		End snorkeling.
		12.00	AF 7765	Day's run:    73.0 nm.
			NE 0-1, Sea 0, cloudless, Vis. very good	During a periscope sweep observed that the round dipole on the bridge had broken off.
		16.00	AF 7841
		19.30		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	AF 7842
		13.12.44
		00.00	AF 7851	End snorkeling.
		04.00	AF 7828
		06.00		Begin snorkeling.
		07.00		End snorkeling.
		08.00	AF 7837
		12.00	AF 7836	Day's run:    69.0 nm.
			SW 2, Sea 1, partial overcast, Vis. moderate
		16.00	AF 7915
		19.00		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	AF 7921
		14.12.44
		00.00	AF 7923
		00.30		End snorkeling.
		04.00	AF 7934
		07.00		Begin snorkeling.
		08.00	AF 7961	End snorkeling.
		12.00	AF 7967	Day's run:    75.0 nm.
			SW 5, Sea 4, overcast, rain, Vis. bad

	Sun and Moon Data 12.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 13.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 14.12.44

	- 46 -
		14.12.44	Northern North Sea
		16.00	AF 7968
		19.00		Begin snorkeling.
		19.35		End snorkeling.
		20.00	AF 7969
		23.30	AF 8771	Surfaced to send Radio Message.
			SW 5, Sea 4, overcast, rain, Vis. 3 nm
		23.52		Radio Message 2352/14/63 ß ß
				Position 36 hours off designated meeting point with escort.
				- U 978 -
		15.12.44
		00.00	AF 8771	Dived.
		01.30		Begin snorkeling.
		04.00	AF 8772
		06.00		End snorkeling.
		06.19		Radio Message 0158/15/65
				U 978 (Pulst):
				Escort positioned at "Hellisøy" 16 December 12.00 hours.
				11. U-Flottille
		08.00	AF 8776
		12.00	AF 8784	Day's run:  06.0 nm
				44.0 nm
				50.0 nm.
		16.00	AF 8788	Boat is positioned in observation position for meeting escort.
		18.30		Begin snorkeling.
		20.00	AN 2411
		16.12.44
		00.00	AN 2411
		00.30		End snorkeling.

	Sun and Moon Data 14.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 15.12.44
	Sun and Moon Data 16.12.44

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		16.12.44	Northern North Sea
		00.46		Radio Message 1508/15/74  To Pulst:
				1)  Radio Beacon Group Bergen North and South operating 16 December 09.00 hours to 12.00 hours.
				2)  Holmengraa still out of service.
				F.d.U. West
		04.00	AF 2411
		08.00		Hellisøy bearing 129°T, 3 nm.
		11.00		Surfaced.
				Carried out check firing of the anti-aircraft weapons.
				On twin 2 cm (port outer barrel) barrel burst on the 1st shot. No injuries.  Barrel bulging.  3.7 cm out of service.
		12.00	Hellisøy
			SE 3, Sea 2, overcast, Vis. very good	Taken in convoy.
				Day's run:  06.0 nm
				45.0 nm
				51.0 nm.
		12.15		6 aircraft, of which 5 are Mosquitoes fly past, range = 6000 meters
		15.00	Bergen	Made fast.
				Total distance travelled during the patrol:
				107.3 nm
				3543.4 nm
				Total distance travelled   3650.7 nm.
			Duration of the patrol was 69 days. It was basically submerged, with propulsion by snorkel operation.  Surfacing only in unavoidable circumstances, such as blockage of tube VI, snorkel repairs, radio transmission and navigation fixes.   Snorkeling interrupted only by location above or below the surface greater than strength 2 respectively when aircraft approach or sound pursuit was suspected.  Continued snorkeling in the case of vessels with noise buoys.   The snorkels proves itself very well during the whole patrol.  The crew grew accustomed to snorkel operations very quickly.  Soon after departure the boat had the same experiences, indicated in Standing Order 20, even before this was published on board.   The creation of a possibility for the output of daily waste would be a great advantage, because the W.C. and tube VI are unsuitable.

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			Additionally, it would be useful in place of the usual outfitting with fresh provisions, especially potatoes and bread, to provide canned foods, because it results in less waste.   State of health of the crew during the duration of the enterprise was in general well.  Occasionally earaches appeared in some of the crew, caused by varying pressure differences with the snorkel.   On the advance and return transit there were few detections submerged or on the surface.  Only when reaching 200-meter line at the western entrance of the Channel to about the 100-meter line there was reinforced defensive activity by aircraft and search groups.   The boat remained for 20 days in the operations area with focal point Cherbourg.   Traffic: Independents and up to 4 steamers and escort vessels with noise buoys arrive daily.  Suspect dissolving of convoys in naval square Bruno Fritz 3539, then arriving directly under the coast.  Return convoy depart Cherborg via naval square Bruno Fritz 3537.  Traffic depends on the tides (in and outbound at high water).   Buoys: The following buoys were pinpointed along the route:     1.  Naval square Bruno Fritz 35632     2.  Naval square Bruno Fritz 36175     3.  Naval square Bruno Fritz 35378.     Particulars for all three buoys:     1 second blink,     5 second pause,     6 second repeat.   Defense: Search groups run along the routes with scare depth charges, explosive location, noise buoys, saws and clanging chains.  Little submerged locating.     A probable new enemy method for detection was observed:     Sounds hitting the side of the hull like German hollow tube gear for mine searching or like the breaking of ice or glass.     Observed only with escorts.     Despite hearing at strength 5, no onset of attack.     Suppose the presence of sound buoys at traffic focal points.  In spite of high volume of noise, sound buoys were not seen in the periscope.

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			Shallow water in the operations area with good protection against enemy's detection and defense.  The changing sound conditions caused by shallow water were unfavorable.   The prevailing weather conditions for the season (bad visibility and fog) complicated operations, particularly the visibility and finding the enemy.   Because boat operated mainly under the coast, the tidal current had a strong effect, particularly the spring tides.  This required frequent lying on the bottom.   For these reasons an attack on an enemy detected by sound or visually occasionally failed.  Once the enemy was detected, in spite of rising as quickly as possible, by hearing too late in the GHG, or as a result of bad visibility and fog, an attack was impossible or success was made to appear doubtful.  In addition, the counter current was so strong that in some cases in spite of high speed the boat hardly moved from its position.   In spite of the mentioned disadvantages a very profitable operations area with good chances of success.   It was sunk:  3 steamers for 22000 GRT.
				Oberleutnant zur See and Commander.